《討厭的東西(非文勿進)》路人某某

2、2

　　E-business business models
　　Business model – a set of planned activities designed to result in a profit in a marketplace業務模式-一套計劃的活動在市場設計導致贏利
　　Business plan – a document that describes a firm’s business model經營計劃-描述公司的業務模式的文件
　　E-business business model – a business model that aims o use and leverage the unique qualities of the internet and the World Wide Web電子商務業務模式-瞄準o用途的業務模式和支持互聯網和萬維網的獨特的質量

　　Eight key ingredients of a business model
　　(1) Value proposition價值提議
　　- Defines how a company’s product or service fulfills the needs of customers定義了怎麼公司的產品或服務履行顧客的需要
　　- Question: why should the customer buy from you?
　　(2) Revenue model收支模型
　　- Describes how the firm will earn revenue, produce profits, and produce a superior return on invested capital描述怎麼企業在被投資的資本將贏得收支，導致贏利，并且導致優越回歸
　　- E-business revenue models include advertising, subscription, transactional fee, sales, and affiliate電子商務收支模型包括做廣告，捐款、交易上的費、銷售和會員
　　- Question: how will you earn money?
　　(3) Market opportunity收支潛力
　　- Refers to the company’s intended market space and the overall potential financial opportunities available to the firm in that market space提到公司的意欲的市場空間和整體潛在的財政機會可利用對企業市場空間
　　- defined by the revenue potential in each of the market riches where you hope to compete定義的市場機會在每一市場riches，您希望競爭
　　- Question: what market space do you intend to serve, and what is its size?問題：您打算服務什麼市場空間，并且什麼是它的大小？
　　(4) Competitive environment競爭環境
　　- Refers to the other companies operating in the same market space selling similar products提到操作在同一市場空間的其他公司賣相似的產品
　　- Influenced by: how many competitors are active, how large are their operations, the market share of each competitor, how profitable these firms are, how they price their products影響：多少個競爭者是活躍的，多麼大是他們的操作，每個競爭者市場份額，多麼有益這些企業是，怎麼他們定價他們的產品
　　- Question: who else occupies your intended marker space?問題：誰佔領您的意欲的標誌空間？
　　(5) Competitive advantage競爭優勢
　　- Achieved by a firm when it can produce a superior product and/or bring the product to market at a lower price than most, or all, of its competitors由企業，當它比多數可能生產一個優越產品並且/或者帶來產品給市場以低價或者所有，它的競爭者達到
　　- Achieved because a firm has been able to obtain differential access to the factors of production that are denied their competitors – at least in the short term達到，因為企業能獲得對被否認他們的競爭者生產的因素的有差別的通入-近期至少
　　- Question: what special advantages does your firm bring to the market space?問題：您的企業給市場空間帶來什麼特別好處？
　　(6) Market strategy市場戰略
　　- The plan you put together that details exactly how you intend to enter a new market and attract new customers您彙集細節確切地的計劃怎麼您打算進入一個新市場和吸引新的顧客
　　- Best business concepts will fail if not properly marketed to potential customers最佳的企業概念將發生故障如果不適當地銷售對潛在的顧客
　　- Question: how to you plan to promote your product or services to attract your target audience?問題：對您怎麼計劃促進您的產品或服務吸引您的目標觀眾？
　　(7) Organizational development組織發展
　　-Describes how the company will organize the work that needs to be accomplished描述怎麼公司將組織需要被完成的工作
　　-Work is typically divided into functional departments; move from generalists to specialists as the company grows工作典型地被劃分成功能部門; 從全科移動到專家，公司增長
　　- Question: what types of organizational structures within the firm are necessary to carry out the business plan?問題：什麼樣的組織結構在企業內是必要執行經營計劃？
　　(8) Management team管理組
　　- Employees of the company responsible for marking the business model work; strong management team gives instant credibility to outside investors公司的雇員負責任對標記業務模式工作; 堅強的管理組給立即可信度外部投資者
　　- A strong management team may not e to salvage a weak business model; should be able change the model and redefine the business as it becomes necessary堅強的管理組可能不搶救微弱的業務模式的e; 應該能改變模型并且重新解釋事務，當它變得必要
　　- Question: what kinds of experiences and background are important for the company’s leaders to have?問題：什麼樣的經驗和背景是重要為了公司的領導能有？

　　Business model: revenue model
　　- Advertising revenue model – a company provides a forum for advertisements and receives fees from advertisers廣告收入模型-公司為廣告提供一個論壇并且從登廣告者接受費
　　- Subscription revenue model – a company offers it users content or services and charges a subscription fee for access to some or all of it offerings捐款收支模型-公司提供它用戶內容或服務并且收取訂購費為對一些或所有的通入奉獻物
　　- Transaction fee revenue model – a company receives a fee for enabling or executing a transaction交易費收支模型-公司接受費為使能或執行交易
　　- Sales revenue model – a company derives revenue by selling goods, information, or services銷售收入模型-公司通過賣物品、信息或者服務獲得收支
　　- Affiliate revenue model – a company sees business to an affiliate receives a referral fee or percentage of the revenue from any resulting sales會員收支模型-公司看見事務對會員從所有發生的銷售接受收支的介紹費或百分比

　　Major types of e-commerce
　　- Business-to-consumer (B2C) - online businesses attempt to reach individual consumers事務對消費者(B2C) -網上企業試圖到達各自的消費者
　　- Business-to-business (B2B) - businesses focus on sell to other businesses事務對事務(B2B) -企業集中於出售到其他企業
　　- Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) - provide a way for consumers to sell to each other消費者對消費者(C2C) -為消費者提供一個方式互相賣
　　- Peer-to-peer (P2P) - enables internet user to share files and computer resources同輩對同輩(P2P) -使互聯網用戶分享文件和計算機資源
　　- Mobile (M-commerce) - traditional e-commerce business models leveraged for emerging wireless technologies to permit mobile access to the web流動(M商務) -傳統電子商務業務模式支持為了湧現的無線技術能允許對網的流動通入

　　Major B2C Models
　　(a) Portal門戶
　　- Offers powerful search tools plus an integrated package of content and services提議強有力的查尋工具加上內容和服務一個聯合包裹
　　- General (horizontal) or specialized (vertical)一般(水平)或專門研究(垂直)
　　(b) E-tailer E販商
　　- Online version of traditional retailer
　　- Virtual merchants (online retail store only) 傳統販商-真正客商(仅網上零售店的網上版本)
　　- Clicks and mortar e-tailers (online distribution channel for a company that also has physical stores) 點擊和灰漿e販商(網上分配渠道為也有物理商店)的公司
　　- Catalog merchants (online version of direct mail catalog) 編目客商(直接郵件編目的網上版本)
　　- Online malls (online version of mall)網上購物中心(購物中心的網上版本)
　　- Manufacturers selling directly over the web賣直接地在網的製造商
　　(c) Content provider內容提供者
　　- Information and entertainment companies that provide digital content over the web提供數量在網的信息和娛樂公司
　　(d) Transaction broker交易經紀
　　- Processes online sales transactions過程網上銷售交易
　　- Typically utilizes transactions fee revenue model-典型地運用交易費收支模型
　　(e) Market creator市場創作者
　　- Uses internet technology to create markets that bring buyers and sellers together使用互聯網技術創造帶來買家和賣主的市場
　　- Typically utilizes transaction fee revenue model典型地運用交易費收支模型
　　(f) Service provider服務提供者
　　- Offers services online在網上提議服務
　　(g) Community provider公共提供者
　　- Provides an online community of like-minded individuals for networking and information and sharing提供志趣相投的個體的一個聯機用戶對於網絡和信息和分享
　　- Revenue is generated by referral fee, advertising and subscription收支是由介紹費，做廣告和捐款引起的

　　Major B2B models
　　(a) B2B hub B2B插孔
　　- Also known as marketplace/exchange亦稱市場或交換
　　- Electronic marketplace where supplier and commercial purchasers can conduct transactions電子市場，供應商和商業採購員能舉辦交易
　　- General (horizontal) or specialized (Vertical)一般(水平)或專門研究(垂直)
　　(b) E-distributor E經銷商
　　- Supplies products directly to individual businesses供應產品直接地到各自的企業
　　(c) Service Provider服務提供者
　　- Sells business services to other firms出售為其他企業的經營業務
　　(d) Matchmaker媒人
　　- Link businesses together一起鏈接企業
　　- Charges transaction or usage fee充電交易或用法費
　　(e) Informediary
　　- Gathers information and sells it to businesses聚集信息和出售它到企業