《討厭的東西(非文勿進)》路人某某

4、4

　　Building an e-business web site: a systematic approach修造電子商務網站：一種系統的方法
　　- Planning: the systems development life cycle計劃：系統開發週期
　　- Systems analysis: identify business objectives, system functionality, and information requirements系統分析：辨認商業目的、系統功能和信息要求
　　- System design: hardware and software platforms系統設計：硬件和軟件平臺
　　- Building the system: in-house vs. outsourcing建立系統：內部對採購
　　- Testing the system測試系統
　　- Implementation and maintenance實施和維護

　　Systems analysis: identify business objectives, system functionality, and information requirements系統分析：辨認商業目的、系統功能和信息要求
　　- Business object – a list of capabilities you want your site to have企業對象-能力名單您要您的站點有
　　- System functionalities – a list of types of information systems capabilities you will need to achieve your business objectives系統功能-您將需要實現您的商業目的
　　- Information requirements – the information elements that the system must produce in order to achieve the business objectives信息要求-系統必須導致為了實現商業目的信息元素

　　System design: hardware and software platforms系統設計：硬件和軟件平臺
　　(a) System design specification
　　- Description of the main components in a system and their relationship to one another主要成份的描述在一個系統和他們的關係對互相
　　(b) Logical design邏輯設計
　　- Describes the flow of information at your e-commerce site描述信息流在您的電子商務站點
　　- The processing functions that must be performed必須執行的處理功能
　　- The databases that will be used
　　- The security and emergency backup procedures that will be instituted將被設立的安全和緊急備用規程
　　- The controls that will be used in the system
　　(c) Physical design – translates the logical design into physical components

　　Building the system: in-house vs. outsourcing建立系統：內部對採購
　　- Outsourcing – hiring an outside vendor to provide the services you cannot perform with in-house personnel採購-雇用外部供營商提供您不可能進行與機構內部的人員的服務
　　- Co-location – when a firm purchases or lease web server (and has total control over its operation) but locates the server in a vendor’s physical facilityCo地點-，當企業購買或租約網絡服務器(和總掌握它的操作)，但找出服務器供營商的物理設施
　　- The vendor maintain the facility, communications lines, and the machinery供營商維護設施、通信線路和機械

　　Testing the system
　　- Unit testing – involves testing the site’s program modules one at a time單位測試-介入測試站點的程序模塊一次一個
　　- System testing – involves testing the site as a whole, in a way the typical user will in using the site整體上系統測試-在方式在使用站點介入測試站點，典型的用戶意志
　　- Acceptance testing – verifies that the business objectives of the system as originally conceived are in fact working驗收測試-核實系統的商業目的作為最初設想實際上運作

　　Implementation and maintenance實施和維護
　　(a) Benchmarking基準點
　　- A process in which the site is compared with those of competitors in terms of response speed, quality of layout, and design站點與那些競爭者比較根據反應佈局速度、質量和設計的過程
　　(b) Maintenance is on-going維護是持續的
　　- 20% devoted to debugging code and responding to emergency situations20%致力於調試代碼和反應緊急情況的情況
　　- 20% concerned with changing reports, data files, and link to backend database與改變的報告、數據文件和鏈接有關的20%後端處理數據庫
　　- 60% devoted to general administration and making changes and enhancements to the system60%致力了於一般管理和製造變動和改進對系統

　　Choosing server software
　　- System architecture – refers to the arrangement of software, machinery, and tasks in an information system needed to achieve a specific functionality系統建築-在必要的信息系統提到軟件、機械和任務的安排達到一種具體功能
　　- Two-tier architecture – a web server responds to request for web pages and a database server provides backend data storage兩層建築學-網絡服務器反應要求網頁，并且數據庫服務器提供後端數據存儲
　　- Multi-tier architecture – a web server is linked to a middle-tier layer that typically includes a series of application servers that perform specific tasks, as well as to a backend layer of existing corporate systems多層建築學-網絡服務器與典型地包括一系列的應用服務器執行具體任務，並且到現有的公司系統後端層數的中間排層數連接

　　Basic functionality provided by web server網絡服務器提供的基本的功能
　　- Processing of HTTP requests – receive and response to client requests for HTML pages處理HTTP請求-接受和對客戶端請求的反應HTML頁
　　- Security services (secure socket layer) – verify username and password; process certifications and private/public key information required for credit card processing and other secure information安全部門(安全套接字層) -核實用戶名和密碼; 處理證明和對於信用卡處理和其他安全信息需要的私有或公共密鑰信息
　　- File transfer protocol – permits transfer of very large files from server to server文件傳送規約-非常大文件許可證調動從服務器到服務器
　　- Search engine – indexing of site content; keyboard search capability搜索引擎-站點內容分度法; 鍵盤查尋能力
　　- Data capture – log file of all visits, time, duration, and referral source數據捕獲-所有參觀、時刻、期間和提及來源記錄文件
　　- E-mail – ability to send, receive, and store e-mail messages電子郵件-能力送，收到，并且存放電子郵件
　　- Site management tools – calculate and display key site statistics, such as unique visitors, page requests, and origin of requests, check links on pages站點管理工具-計算并且顯示關鍵站點統計，例如獨特的訪客、請求，檢查鏈接的頁面要求和起源在頁

　　Web application and e-commerce merchant server應用程序和電子商務客商服務器
　　(a) Web application server provides the specific business functionality required of a web site, including: Web應用程序服務器提供具體企業功能需要網站，包括：
　　- Catalog display
　　- Transaction processing
　　- Audio/video server
　　- Database server
　　(b) E-commerce merchant server provides the basic functionality need for online sales, including: 電子商務商人服務器提供對網上銷售的基本的功能需要，包括：
　　- An online catalog that list products available on a web site
　　- Order taking via an online shopping cart that allows shoppers to set aside desired purchases in preparation for checkout, review what they have selected, edit their selection as necessary, and the actually make the purchase by clicking a button定購採取通過允許顧客為準備結算離開留出期望購買的網上購物車，回顧什麼他們選擇了，實際上如所需要編輯他們的選擇和製造購買通過點擊按鈕
　　Online credit card processing verifies the shopper’s credit card and then puts through the debit to the card網上信用卡處理核實顧客的信用卡然後接通借方對卡片

　　Choosing the hardware for an e-business site
　　- Hardware platform – refers to all the underlying computing equipment that the system uses to achieve it e-business functionality硬件工作臺-提到系統使用達到它電子商務功能的所有強調的計算工具
　　- Stateless – refer to fact that the server does not have to maintain an ongoing dedicated interaction with the client無國籍-參見事實服務器不必須維護持續的熱忱的互作用與客戶
　　- I/O intensive – requires input/output operations rather than heavy-duty processing power輸入/輸出密集-要求輸入-輸出操作而不是耐用處理能力
　　- CPU intensive – operations that require a great deal of processing power強化中央處理-要求很多處理能力的操作

　　Right-sizing the hardware platform正確塗料硬件工作臺
　　- Scalability – refers to the ability of a site to increase in size as demand warrants可測量性-在大小提到站點的能力增加當需求保證
　　- Scale hardware vertically – increase the processing supply by improving the hardware while maintaining the physical footprint and the number of server垂直標度硬件-增加處理供應通過改進硬件，當維護物理腳印和服務器時的數字
　　- Scale hardware horizontally – increase the processing supply by adding server and increasing the physical facility水平標度硬件-增加處理供應通過增加服務器和增加物理設施
　　- Improve processing architecture of the site – improve the processing supply by identifying operations with similar workloads, and using dedicated tuned servers for each type of load改進處理站點的建築學-經過辨認操作以相似的工作量和使用致力的調整的服務器改進處理供應為裝載的每個類型

　　Improving the processing architecture of web site改進網站處理建築學
　　- Separate static content from dynamic content – use specialized servers for each type of workload分開的靜態內容從動態內容-為工作量的每個類型使用專業服務器
　　- Cache static content – increase ram to the gigabyte range and store static content of RAM貯藏所靜態內容-增加公羊對十億字節範圍并且存放RAM靜態內容
　　- Cache database lookup table – cache tables used to look up database records貯藏所數據庫查尋表-用於的貯藏所桌查找數據庫紀錄
　　- Consolidate business logic on dedicated servers – put shipping cart, credit card processing, and other CPU-intensive activity on dedicated servers在專用服務器鞏固企業邏輯-投入運輸推車，信用卡處理和其他強化中央處理活動在專用服務器
　　- Optimize ASP code – examine the code to ensure it is operating efficiency優選ASP代碼-審查代碼保證它是操作效率
　　- Optimize database schema – examine the database search time and take steps to reduce access time優選數據庫圖解-審查數據庫查尋時間并且採取步驟減少存取時間

　　Tools for interactivity and active content為互動和活動內容的工具
　　- Common gateway interface – a set of standards for communication between a browser and a program running on a server that allows for interaction between the user and the server公共網關接口-一套標準為跑在考慮到用戶和服務器之間的互作用的服務器的瀏覽器和節目之間的通信
　　- Active server pages – a proprietary software development tool that enables programmers using Microsoft’s IIS package to build dynamic pages活躍服務器頁-使能使用微軟的IIS包裹的程序員製作動態頁的一個專用軟件開發工具
　　- Java – is a programming language that allows programmers to create interactivity and active content on the client machine – thereby saving considerable load on the serverJava -是在客戶端允許程序員創造互動和活動內容-的編程語言從而保存的可觀的裝載在服務器
　　- Java server pages (JSP) – like CGI and ASP, a web page coding standard that allows developers to dynamically generate web pages in response to user requestsJava服務器頁(JSP) -像CGI和ASP，編碼允許開發商動態地引起網頁以回應用戶需要的標準的網頁
　　- JavaScript – a programming language invented by Netscape that is used to control the objects on an HTML page and handle interactions with a browserJava語言-在超文字標記語言頁用於控制對象和處理互作用以瀏覽器的網景發明的一種編程語言
　　- Active X – a programming language created by Microsoft to compete with java Active X -微軟創造的一種編程語言與Java競爭
　　- Vbscript – a programming language invented by Microsoft to compete with JavaScript Vbscript -微軟發明的一種編程語言與Java語言競爭