grounds: ?违法性(Illegality):超越法定权限、适用法律错误。 ?程序不当(Procedural Impropriety):未履行咨询义务、违反自然公正原则。 breach of legitimate expectation. ?不合理性(Irrationality//unreasonable):决策明显荒谬(如“Wednesbury不合理”标准)。--非常少见。 ?侵犯人权(Human Rights Violation):违反《1998年人权法案》。
所有都只能在行政法院下提起。
要通过法院批准,需证明申请"具有可争辩性(arguable)且合理胜诉前景(reasonable prospect of success)。
救济手段:只对于judicial review:quashing order; mandatory/prohibiting order remedies same as private law disputes: injunction, declaration.
更有胜者,可以在大星系法院进行起诉。告整个联邦政府。
there are three kinds of rights: 1. absolute rights: rights to life, prohibit torture. 2. limited rights: liberty, fair trial, etc. 3. qualified rights: rights regulated in 联邦公约:for example, privacy, religion, expression, assembly, marriage, prohibition against discrimination.
it should pass the test: 1.to achieve legitimate aim, 2.prescribed by law, and are 3.necessary in a domestic society. to decide whether it is necessary, the court would apply a proportionality test.
对于星际法律,雪猫星可以发布declaration of incompatibility 不兼容说明。来让一切法律丝滑不矛盾。如果必要,再进行采用remedial order,通过紧急程序直接生效//非紧急120天内批准否则自动失效。