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简单句(Simple Sentences)
简单句只是包含一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。简单句分为五种基本句型。
1.主语+谓语
They laughed.
The students are singing.
2.主语+谓语+宾语
I like English.
Jenny is reading a book.
3.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
Lily gave Davy a yo-yo ball.=Lily gave a yo-yo ball to Davy.
My mother bought my a pair of jeans.=My mother bonght a pair of jeans for me.
注意:
双宾语一个指人(即间接宾语),另一个指物(即直接宾语)。一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面,有时它们也可以交换位置,这时需要在间接宾语的前面加上介词to或for。常见的跟双宾语结构的动词有:Give,Show,Bring,pass,lend,send,make,buy,get,sing等。
4.主语+系动词+表语
Ms.Lin is kind and patient.
Jenny looks very happy.
The days get longer in spring.
注意:
系动词(也称连系动词)本身有词义,但不能单独做谓语,后面必须跟表语,构成系表结构,说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。be(am,is,aie,was,were)是最常用的系动词。有些动词也可以作为系动词。如:get,become,turn,grow,look,feel,smell,taste,sond等。
5.主语+谓语+宾语+补语
英语中的宾语补足语通常紧跟宾语之后,对宾语进行补充说明。充当宾语补足语的可以是名词、形容词、副词、分词、不定式和介词短语等。例如:
We call her Beibei.
I found the boy very clever.
I will not let you in.
Hae saw a little girl dancing under a tree.
We saw the road cover with snow.
Jenny saw Danny buy many donuts.
She wanted me to give her some mony.
The girl always keeps everthing in good order.
现在完成时态(Present Perfect Tense)
1.表示完成时的意义和用法
1)表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果,常于already,just,yet等状语连用。例如:
I have already read the book.
2)表示开始于过去,维持到现在的动作或状态,常与表示包括现在在内的时间状语连用,如:today,now,this week,this moring,these days,this afternoon,recently,so far等;也与“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”的状语连用。例如:
I have painted six new pictures this week.
Li Ming has written three e-mails today.
She has helped me a lot since last year.
She has taught in the school for ten years.
2.现在完成时的结构
have/has(助动词)+done(动词的过去分词)。例如:
I have just turned off the light.
3.现在完成时的句型变化
否定句:I have already read the book.
肯定句:I haven't read the book yet.
一般疑问句及其回答:
Have you reading the book?
Yes, i have.(或者Yes already.)
No, i haven't.(或者No, i have not./No, not yet.)
Has Tom read the book?
Yes, he has./No, he hasn't.(或者No, he has not.)
特殊疑问句:
What have you done this week?
What has Tom doone this week?
注意:
“have(has)been to”与“have(has)gone to”的区别:have(has)been to 的意思是“曾到过某地,现在不在那儿”;have(has)gone to 的意思是“去某处了,现在不在这儿”。例如:
They have been to Lanzhou.他们到过兰州。(现在已不在兰州。)
They have gong to Lanzhou.他们到兰州去了。(现在不在这里。)