《笔记存稿》淮安有南

2、英语 6

　　69. appear 1) vi. 出现，露面 The man suddenly ______ from behind the tree scared me.
　　2) 系动词似乎，好像 appear+ (to be) + n/adj 似乎
　　It appears (to sb) that /as if He appeared to be happy in the news.
　　It appears to me that he will win
　　It appears that all the files have been deleted.档案好像都已经被删除了。
　　Police say there appear to be signs of a break-in.警方称似乎有破门而入的迹象。
　　70. ◎appearance n. 出现，露面；容貌 judge by appearances 以貌取人
　　71.◎application n.申请 make an application for
　　72. apply v. 申请 apply for 申请；请求，接洽
　　apply sth to …运用，应用 apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力做某事
　　73. ●appoint vt. 任命，委派，安排，确定
　　1) 任命，委派A committee was appointed to consider the plan. 一个委员会被指定去研究这些计划。 He was appointed as chairman.
　　2). 约定，确定 Everyone got there at the appointed time.
　　In the evening he made his way to the appointed meeting place.
　　74. appointment n.
　　make an appointment 约定、会 his appointment as president 他担任总统的任命
　　75. ◎appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激 appreciate your concern appreciate doing sth
　　appreciate your abilities/ fine works of art I’d appreciate it if you let me get on with my job.
　　76. ◎approach 1). v. 接近；靠近；走进
　　As they approached the wood, a rabbit ran out of the trees.
　　I find him difficult to approach. The winter vacation is approaching.
　　2). n. 接近；方法；途径；通路
　　He decided to adopt a different approach and teach the Bible through story-telling.
　　His approach to the problem are wrong. All the approach to the palace were guarded by troops.
　　77. ●approve vi. 赞成 vt. 同意，批准 approve of 赞成，同意 approve of one’s idea
　　He doesn’t approve of my leaving this year. approve the plan/ proposal 通过计划/ 提议
　　approval n.
　　79. argue vi. 争辩，争论 n. argument 1) argue for /against 赞成/反对
　　2) argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事
　　3) argue with sb about sth 与某人争论某事
　　80. ◎arise arose arisen vi. 1) 出现，发生，产生 A new crisis has arisen. 新危机出现。
　　2）起床，起身，起立 He arose at dawn. 他黎明即起。
　　81.◎argument n. 1)争论，辩论 have an argument with sb about / over sth
　　2) 论点，论据 a powerful argument against smoking argue v. argue with sb about / over sth
　　82. arm
　　n. 手臂,支架武器（复） arm in arm 手挽手 take up arms 拿起武器
　　vt. 以…装备,武装起来 arm…with…
　　Armed with the new equipment, the explorers entered the cave. be armed to the teeth 全副武装
　　83. around 在周围; 在附近; 大约
　　around the corner 在拐角处，即将到来 around the clock 昼夜不停地
　　84.◎arrange vt. 安排，布置
　　arrange an appointment 安排预约 Have you arranged to meet Mark this weekend?
　　We had arranged that I would go for the weekend.我们商量好了，这个周末我去。
　　He arrived as arranged. 他如约而至。
　　The company will arrange for a taxi to meet you at the airport.
　　Dave arranged for someone to drive him home.
　　arrangement n. 安排，布置 make arrangements for…
　　85.◎arrest vt. 逮捕，拘捕 He got arrested for careless driving.
　　n. put / place sb under arrest 逮捕某人
　　86. arrive v arrival n. 到来；达到 arrive at Guests receive dinner on/upon their arrival
　　87. article n. 文章；东西；物品；冠词 an article of clothing 一件衣服
　　88. ashamed adj 惭愧，害臊
　　89. asleep adj 睡着的，熟睡 (表语形容词) fall asleep 入睡 He seems to be fast asleep.
　　90. ●assist v. 帮助，协助 assist sb. in dong /with sth.
　　we’ll assist you in finding a place to live.
　　She employed a woman to assist her with the housework.
　　assistance n. technical/ military assistance 技术/军事援助
　　91. ●assume v. 假定，假设 It is assumed that…普遍认为
　　I had assumed him to be a teacher. 我本以为他是老师。
　　He assumed an air of concern. 他装出关心的样子。 assuming （that）… 假设，假如
　　92. assumption n.
　　a) be ashamed of 以为是耻辱 b) be ashamed of oneself for 为…而害羞
　　c) feel ashamed for sb 替某人感到羞愧 ※ ashamed & shameful
　　ashamed指事物使人感到羞耻、惭愧、害臊；
　　shameful指事物或本身可耻不道德。 He is ashamed of his shameful conduct.
　　93. astonish v 使惊讶 astonished /astonishing
　　be/look astonished at 对…感到大吃一惊 an astonished look
　　94. attach attach …to
　　95. attempt v. 试图，尝试
　　attempt to do He was charged with attempting to kill his wife.
　　attempt sth The plane crashed while attempting an emergency landing.
　　n. make an attempt to do /at doing 试图做某事
　　96. attend v. 看护，照料，服侍；出席，参加 attend a meeting/ school/ church/ the concert
　　attend to sth处理，注意 I have a few other things to attend to.
　　attend to sb 看护 attend to a baby
　　97. attention n. 注意，关心
　　pay ( much/no/little) attention to draw one’s attention to
　　fix one’s attention/mind/eyes on； attract one’s attention
　　98. attract v. 吸引，引起 Like attracts like 物以类聚
　　99. available
　　100. average adj 平均的；普通的 n. 平均数 on (the)average 按平均
　　I was just an average sort of student. 我只是一个普通学生。
　　101. avoid doing
　　102. awake v. 唤醒；(awoke/ awoken) Is he awake or asleep? awake to sth 意识到醒悟到
　　It took her some time to awake to the dangers of her situation. adj 醒着的be wide awake
　　103. award n. v.
　　104. aware be aware of
　　105. away adv离开；远离 keep away from 保持距离； far away 在远处
　　right away 立刻，马上； give away 泄露，赠送
　　106. awful
　　B
　　1. back adv.回（原处）;向后 adj.后面的 n. 背后，后部；背
　　back and forth 来回，往返； back to back 背靠背
　　behind one’s back 背后； look back 回顾
　　put back 放回去； turn one’s back on 避开，不理睬
　　2. ◎backward adv. backward and forward 来来回回
　　bend /lean over backward to do 竭尽全力去做…
　　3. baggage n.行李 a piece of/an article of baggage
　　4. ◎balance 1) n. ①平衡 keep a balance (between A and B) lose one’s balance
　　disturb the balance of one’s mind
　　②余额 (常用单数） check your bank balance
　　③欠款（常用单数）The balance of 500 yuan must be paid within 90 days.
　　短语 be/ hang in the balance 不明朗的，未定的，悬而未决的
　　catch / throw sb. off balance 使…失去平衡；使…不知所措 on balance 总的来说
　　2）v．①保持平衡 ~（sth）on sth balance on one leg
　　He balanced the cup on her knee.
　　②同等重视 balance A with/ and B balance home life with career
　　③比较权衡 balance A against B balance the cost against its benefit
　　balanced adj. be on a balanced diet
　　5. ●ban n.禁令 v. 禁止，取缔 a ban on smoking 禁烟令
　　place… under ban 对…加以禁止 ban sb. from sth./ doing 禁止某人做
　　6. ◎bar 1) n. 条，块 a bar of chocolate / soap 障碍 Being a woman was a bar to promotion.
　　2) vt. 封堵 All the doors and windows were barred.
　　阻止 bar sb. from ... bar players from drinking
　　7. bargain n. （经讨价还价之后）成交的商品；廉价货
　　Those shoes are a real bargain at such a low price.v. 讨价还价 bargain with sb about /over sth
　　8. base n. 根据地，基地 v.以...为基地, 把基地设在
　　1) base sth on/upon sth 以…为基础 His book is based on a true story.
　　be based in以...为基地,把基地设在 The toy company is based in Guangzhou.
　　basic adj 基本的basic knowledge/skills basically adv.
　　9. ◎basis (复数 bases )
　　1）基础，要素 form the basis of…
　　2) 基准，原则 on a regular /permanent basis 以定期的/永久的方式
　　3) 原因，缘由 on the basis of… Some videos were banned on the basis of violence.
　　10. bath n.洗澡;浴室;澡盆; have/take a bath
　　bathe v. 洗澡,游泳 be bathed in …沉浸在,沐浴着（光线） bathroom n.浴室
　　11. bear (bore, born/borne) v.
　　1）承受 (重量) The ice is too thin to bear your weight.
　　2) 负担, 承担 bear the cost/ burden/responsibility
　　3）忍受;容忍 （常用于疑问句、否定句，与can, could 连用） bear to do/doing
　　4) bear…in mind 记住
　　12. beat v (beat ,beaten) 连续有节奏的敲击 My heart is beating faster than usual.
　　Waves are beating the shore. 击败: He beat me in the game. ※ beat & hit &strike & knock
　　13. before It will be +段时间+before+ do/does…要过多久才…
　　It was +段时间+before+ did…没过多久就…
　　14. beg 乞求，请求 beg—begged—begged—begging beg sb. to do 请求、乞求某人做某事
　　I beg your pardon. 对不起、请原谅（降调） 请再讲一遍（降调）
　　15. begin—began—begun—beginning begin with=start with 以…开始
　　to begin with=to start with (插入语)首先、第一
　　I don’t like living here. To begin with, the room is far too small.
　　16. beginning n.开始，开端 at the beginning of… in the beginning= at first
　　17. ◎behave v. 表现 He behaved as if nothing had happened.
　　behave badly/well/like a true gentleman
　　behave oneself 表现得体，有礼貌 well / badly behaved children
　　18. ◎ behavior n. 不可数 good/ bad behavior
　　be on your best behavior 尽量表现得体
　　19. behind drop/ fall behind 落后 leave sb./sth. behind 遗落、忘带
　　20. ◎belief n. （不可数） 1）相信，信心 belief in I admire his belief in what he is doing.
　　2) 看法，信念 （不可数） He acted in the belief that he was doing good.
　　There is a general belief that things will soon get better.
　　3) 信仰 （可数 beliefs） religious/ political beliefs
　　短语 beyond belief 难以置信 to the best of one’s belief 尽其所知
　　21. believe believe it or not (插入语)信不信由你
　　It is believed that he is a good teacher. =He is believed to be a good teacher.
　　22. belong belong to 属于（无被动） The house belonging to her is under repair.
　　23. bend v. 弯曲、弯腰、伏案 bend—bent—bent
　　She was bent over her desk writing a letter. 她正伏案写信。
　　24. ◎benefit 1) n. 优势，益处（不可数）She didn’t get much benefit from her staying abroad.
　　短语: be of benefit to...=be beneficial to ... to one’s benefit 对某人有利
　　for one’s benefit = for the benefit of sb. 为了帮助.../为了某人的利益
　　2） vt./ vi. benefit sb./ sth benefit from/ by...
　　beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的 be beneficial to ...
　　25. best do/ try one’s best to do 尽全力做 make the best of…尽量利用
　　all the best （书信结语）一切顺利、万事如意
　　26. better had better do…最好做… 否定：had better not do
　　be better worth reading 更值得读 be better known 更著名的
　　27. beyond 超出、超过 beyond one’s imagination/description 难以想象/描述
　　beyond one’s power 超出能力范围 beyond my wildest dreams 做梦也没想到
　　28. ●bid –bid- bid- bidding v. 出价，投标 n 投标 bid for sth.
　　I bid 2000 dollars for the painting. 我出价20000美元买这幅画。
　　The highest bid for the picture was 20000. 这幅画的最高出价是两万
　　29. birth n.出生、诞生 at birth 出生时 give birth to 生下、孕育了
　　30. biscuit 饼干c/n some chocolate biscuits
　　31. bit 1) a bit of+不可数n.= a little +不可数n. He can speak a bit of French.
　　2) a bit/a little +比较级 a bit more slowly 3) not a bit=not at all 一点儿也不、毫不
　　32. blame 1）be to blame 应该受到责备（主动表被动） 2) blame sb. for doing→sb. be blamed for …
　　33.◎blank
　　1) n. 空白处，空格 fill in the blanks
　　(记忆中的)空白,遗忘 My mind was a blank and I couldn’t remember her name.
　　2) adj. 空白的，无装饰的，无图画的 a blank form/ wall
　　不理解的，没表情的,空虚的 a blank expression Suddenly my mind went blank.
　　34. be blind to 对…视而不见、熟视无睹 =turn a blind eye to
　　35. blow v. (blew blown) 吹、刮 blow down 吹倒 blow up 爆炸、炸毁
　　n. 打击 give sb. a blow 给某人打击
　　36. board n. 木板、布告牌 v. 登上 on board 在船（车、飞机） board a train 上火车
　　37. book c/n 书 v. 预定（车、船）票 book a room/ ticket
　　38. ◎bored adj. be bored with... / to death. boring adj. a boring job /book/man
　　39. ◎bother vt./vi. 1) 花费时间精力做某事（常用于否定句，疑问句中）
　　① bother with/ about sth ---Shall I wait? ---No, don’t bother.
　　It’s not worth bothering with an umbrella.
　　② bother to do He didn’t even bother to let me know he was coming.
　　③ bother doing Why bother asking if you are not really interested?
　　2) 给...造成麻烦，痛苦 使...烦恼，担忧
　　① bother sb with/ about... I don’t want to bother her with my problems.
　　---I’m sorry he was rude to you. --- It doesn’t bother me.
　　② bother sb. that... Does it bother you that she earns more than you?
　　③ bother sb. to do... It bothers me to think of her alone at home.
　　3) 打扰插话 bother sb Sorry to bother you, but...
　　be bothered about sb./ sth 认为...重要 关心... I’m not bothered about what he thinks.
　　n. 麻烦 困难（不可数） ---Thanks for your help. --- it was no bother.
　　put sb. to bother get sb. /oneself into bother给某人添麻烦
　　40. bottom at the bottom of… from the bottom of one’s heart
　　41. break—broke –broken break out （战争、火灾、疾病等）爆发
　　break down （车、机器等）坏掉、出故障；分解；（身体）垮掉；
　　break in 打断；闯入 break up 破碎；（关系）破裂
　　break away from 摆脱、脱离
　　42. breath n. hold one’s breath take a deep breath out of breath breathe v.
　　43. bring bring up bring down bring about bring in
　　44. broken adj. speak in broken English a broken marriage
　　45. ◎budget n. within / over budget 在预算内/超出预算 on a (tight) budget 缺少钱拮据
　　vt. ~ sth for ... 将...编入预算 ~$1,000,000 for education spending
　　vi. ~ for 存钱编预算 ~ for a holiday abroad
　　46. build—built—built v. 建筑；建造 build up 增进、增强
　　47. burn—burned—burned/--burnt—burnt 燃烧；晒黑、伤 burn down 烧毁
　　burn…to the ground= completely destroyed 夷为平地 get burnt 被晒伤
　　a burning candle 燃烧的蜡烛
　　48. burst v. 突然发生burst—burst—burst
　　burst out laughing/ crying = burst into laughter/ tears 突然大笑起来/痛哭起来
　　49. bury v. 埋葬bury—buried—buried—burying
　　bury one’s face in the hands 手捂着脸 bury oneself in… = be buried in…
　　50. business n. 生意；职责；（本分）工作 on business
　　do business with sb. Business is business.
　　It’s none of your business. 与你无关。 mind your own business 管好你自己的事
　　51. busy adj. 忙的；忙碌的 be busy with sth. be busy (in) doing 忙于做 busily adv
　　52. but conj.但是 prep.除了
　　not…but… 不是…而是 we have no choice but to wait. 除了等待别无选择。
　　We can do nothing but wait. 除了等待什么也不能做。
　　but for 要不是、若没有（引导含虚拟语气的句子）But for your help, I would have failed.
　　53. by by bus/car/plane/air/train/ship… 乘汽车/小汽车/飞机/火车/船
　　C
　　1.●calculate v. 计算，核算 It has been calculated that …
　　eg. It has been calculated that at least 47000 jobs were lost last year.
　　(be) calculated to do sth. eg. The speech was calculated to win votes.
　　2. call v. 叫；喊；打电话 a girl called Mary a girl calling herself Mary
　　call on call at sp. call for call up call off call in
　　3. calm adj. 镇静的、沉着的 calm down v.使镇静 keep calm
　　4. camp n.营 v.野营；宿营 summer camp 夏令营 go camping 去野营
　　5. can 否定：cannot= can’t
　　can’t help doing = can’t help but do 禁不住
　　can not…too… = can never…too… 越…越好/再…也不为过
　　You can never be too careful when crossing the street.
　　6. care n. 照料；保管 take care of 照顾、保管 take care (that)…当心
　　v. 在乎；介意 I don’t care. 我不在乎/我不放在心上。
　　care for 喜欢；照顾 care about 关心；在乎
　　7. careful adj. 仔细的；小心的 be careful of… 当心,小心 listen carefully
　　8. carry v. 拿；搬；运；背 carry on 继续、进行 carry out 实施、执行
　　9. case n. 情况；案件；病例 in case +句子/in case of +名词 万一
　　in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话 in no case 绝不
　　as is often the case 事实往往如此 eg: As is often the case, women live longer than man.
　　There are some cases where this method won’t work.
　　10. ◎cash n. 现金 pay in cash /by check vt. 兑现 ~ a check
　　cash in on…从...获得利润 The shop are cashing in on temporary shortage by raising prices.
　　11.●cast v. 扔，抛，撒
　　cast your net wide cast about/ around for sth cast sb./ sth out
　　cast sb./ sth aside be cast away be cast down cast sth off
　　12. catch—caught—caught catch up with 赶上
　　catch sight of 看见 catch sb. doing 撞见/捉住某人做某事
　　catch one’s eye= attract one’s attention 引起某人注意；引人注目
　　13.●cater v. 提供（承办）酒席，满足需求
　　cater for sth/sb : The class caters for all ability ranges.
　　cater to sth/ sb: It catered for all tastes.
　　14. cattle n. 牛（总称）单复同形 The cattle are in the shed. 牛在牛棚里。
　　15. cause n. 原因、起因 cause and effect 因果
　　the cause of fire/cancer 火灾/癌症的起因
　　v. 引起；促使 The storm left, ____ a lot of damage to this area.
　　16. ◎cautious adj. 谨慎的小心的 be cautious of/ about...
　　caution n. 谨慎小心 with caution 小心地
　　vt. 警告...小心... caution sb. to do caution sb. against... 警告某人警惕
　　We were cautioned not to drive too fast.
　　17. celebrate v. 庆祝 celebrate one’s birthday celebrate Christmas
　　18.◎central adj. 中心的，中央的 central bank/government
　　主要的，首要的 play a central role in… 在…起着主导作用。
　　centre n. in the centre of the room
　　v. centre on /upon/ round /around…把…当中心使…成为中心
　　19.◎ceremony n. 典礼，仪式 1) attend a wedding ceremony
　　2) stand on ceremony 拘于礼节 without ceremony 粗鲁无礼，不拘礼节
　　20. certain adj. 确定的；无疑的 certainly adv.
　　be certain of= be sure of 对…确信的 be certain to do =be sure to do 一定会、必然
　　make sure/certain of… 保证、弄清楚 * It is certain that…
　　21.◎challenge face/ take up a challenge 面对/接收挑战
　　challenging adj 具有挑战性的 a challenging job
　　22. chance n. 机会；可能性 give sb. a chance 给…一次机会;
　　take a chance/chances 冒险；碰运气 by chance/accident 偶然;
　　There is a/no chance that… 有可能/不可能…
　　23. change v. 改变、变化; n. 变化；零钱（不可数）
　　change…into… 把……变成; change one’s mind 改变主意
　　Great changes have taken place in China.
　　There is no time to get changed before the party. Do you have any change on/with you ?
　　24.●characteristic adj. 独特的 n. 特征 特点 a key characteristic of…
　　25. charge n./vt charge…for… 收/要价多少;
　　charge sb. with sth/doing 指控某人做了 get the phone charged 手机被充电;
　　The soldiers were charging forward bravely.战士们勇敢地向前冲。
　　take charge of 负责、管理 in charge of 负责;
　　in the charge of 被/由… 负责; free of charge 免费
　　26. chat v./n. 聊天；闲谈 chat—chatted—chatted—chatting
　　have a chat with sb. 与某人聊天; chat room 聊天室
　　27. check v./ n. 检查；核对；批改; 支票 by check 用支票支付
　　辨析： check examine
　　check 指核对某事物是否正确, examine 表检查、调查、审查等
　　check the answers check the mailbox 核实邮箱（看有没有信）
　　examine your body/eyes examine the machine
　　28. cheer n./vi. 欢呼；喝彩A great cheer went up from the crowd.
　　cheer sb on 为某人加油 cheer up 振作起来；高兴起来 Cheers ! 共同举杯
　　29. ◎cheerful adj 兴高采烈的，高兴地 a cheerful smile
　　30. cheque＝ check(美) 支票 in cash 付现金 by check/cheque 用支票支付
　　31. chicken c/n. 小鸡 u/n. 鸡肉 Would you like some chicken? 来点鸡肉怎么样？
　　Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.
　　不要在还没孵出小鸡之前先数鸡。（别指望过早；别打如意算盘）
　　32. chief adj. 主要的；首要的 n. 首领；领导人 chiefs (复数)
　　33. choice c/n. 选择； choose v. 选择 choose—chose—chosen
　　make a choice /make choices 做选择 have no choice but to do 除了…别无选择
　　We chose Bill as chairman. There are a lot of books to choose from.
　　34. Christmas Merry Christmas! on Christmas Eve;
　　at Christmas 圣诞节期间 on Christmas 在圣诞节这天
　　35. church go to church; attend church 去教堂做礼拜
　　36. cinema 电影院 go to the cinema
　　37. circle n. 圆圈 vi 环绕，盘旋 The plane circled over the airport before landing.
　　38.●circulate v. 循环，流传，传阅
　　circulate sth (to sb.) The document will be circulated to all members.
　　39.●clarify v.澄清，阐明，使…..纯净 clarify a situation/ problem/ issue
　　clarification n. seek clarification of
　　40. class after class; have classes; the first class 头等； the working class 工人阶级