Bipolar disorder (BD), also known as bipolar disorder, is a kind of common mental disorder with manic episode or hypomanic episode as well as depressive episode (typical characteristics). The first onset can be seen at any age. “双相情感障碍(BD)又名双相障碍,是一类既有躁狂发作或者轻躁狂发作,又有抑郁发作(典型特征)的常见精神障碍,首次发病可见于任何年龄。”
In manic episode, the patients have high emotion, increased speech activity and energy; in depressive episode, the patients often show depression, loss of pleasure, decreased speech activity and fatigue. “躁狂发作时,患者有情感高涨,言语活动增多,精力充沛等表现;抑郁发作时,患者常表现出情绪低落,愉快感丧失,言语活动减少,疲劳迟钝等症状。”
The clinical manifestations of the patients are complex, and the complexity is reflected in the repeated, alternate and irregular presentation of low mood or high mood, accompanied by distraction, rashness, exaggeration, thought escape, high responsiveness, sleep reduction and language excess and other disorders. Anxiety, compulsion, substance abuse, hallucinations, delusions or nervous symptoms are also common. “患者的临床表现复杂,其复杂性体现在情绪低落或者高涨反复,交替,不规则呈现的同时,伴有注意力分散,轻率,夸大,思维奔逸,高反应性,睡眠减少和语言曾多等紊乱症状。还常见焦虑,强迫,物质滥用,也可以出现幻觉,妄想或紧张症状等精神病症状。”
The course of disease is varied, paroxysmal, cyclic, mixed migratory, ebb and flow, such as three depressive periods followed by two manic periods. The social function is relatively normal in the intermittent period, but it can also be damaged. After repeated attacks, the attack frequency is fast and the condition is more complicated. “病程多形演变,发作性,循环往复性,混合迁徙性,潮起潮落式病程不一而足,比如3个抑郁期跟着2个狂躁期。间歇期或长或短,间歇期社会功能相对正常,但也可有社会功能损害,多次反复发作后出现发作频率快,病情越发复杂的情况。”