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1、formula ...

  •   carbon numbers:
      1 = meth-
      2 = eth-
      3 = prop-
      4 = but-
      5 = pent-
      6 = hex-
      7 = hept-
      8 = oct-
      9 = non-
      10 = dec-

      type of bonding in the chain or ring:
      all single bonds: -an-
      double bond: -en-
      triple bond: -yn-

      classes of organic compounds:
      alkane:
      R-H

      alkene:
      C=C
      functional group: alkenyl

      alkyne:
      C≡C
      functional group: alkynyl

      alcohol:
      R-OH
      functional group: hydroxy

      amine:
      R-NH2
      functional group: amino-

      halogenoalkane:
      R-X (X=F,Cl,Br or I)
      functional group: floro-, Chloro-, Bromo- or iodo-

      aldehyde:
      R-C-H
      ||
      O
      functional group: -nal

      ketone:
      R-C-R’
      ||
      O
      functional group: -one

      carboxylic acid:
      R-C-OH
      ||
      O
      functional group: -oic acid

      ester:
      R-C-OR’
      ||
      O
      functional group: -noate

      carboxamide:
      R-C-NH2
      ||
      O
      functional group: -amide

      nitrile:
      R-C≡N
      functional group: -nitrile

      ether:
      R-C-R’
      functional group: -oxy-

      benzene ring:
      C6H5-
      functional group: phenyl

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