晋江文学城
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33、IX.短语和从句的位置2 ...

  •   在这一节我们会看到短语和从句摆放位置不当是怎样误导读者们理解句意的。

      错误摆放的短语
      这一类通常更可能导致问题的短语通常是作为形容词或者副词来使用。这些短语位置摆放错了,导致它修饰了原本并不需要修饰的词语。下面是一些例子:
      A: In an article celebrating the 28th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party in 1949在一篇庆祝党1949年成立28周年的文章
      B: In 1949, in an article celebrating the 28th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party 1949年,在一篇庆祝党成立28周年的文章中
      [在A版本中,短语in 1949并没有修饰原本意图修饰anniversary纪念日,而是修饰了离得更近的founding。因此这句话说的是党建立在1949年。将这个短语移至句首,语义就正确了]
      A:over the past decades he has devoted the greater part of his life to developing and spreading improved orange strains among fruit growers在过去的几十年里,他把大部分时间都花在给果农培育和推广改良后的柑橘品种上
      B: over the past decades he has devoted the greater part of his life to developing improved orange strains and spreading them among fruit growers在过去的几十年里,他把大部分时间都花在培育改良后的柑橘品种上,并将其推广到果农中
      [在A版本中,这里的副词短语among fruit growers修饰了改良和推广柑橘品种。但是逻辑上,他不能在果农中培育柑橘品种。修改之后将developing和spreading分开了,限制了副词短语只能修饰spreading
      review:这里用代词them替代了重复引用的improved orange strains]
      A: Inside the grand Dacheng Palace in the middle of the Confucius Temple, musicians will play tunes allegedly refined by Confucius, using antique instruments including the stringed guqin在位于孔庙中央的大成大殿内,乐师们将演奏据说是由孔子用包括古琴等乐器精心创作的曲子
      B:Inside the grand Dacheng Palace in the middle of the Confucius Temple, musicians using antique instruments including the stringed guqin, will play tunes allegedly refined by confucius在位于孔庙中央的大成大殿里,乐师们用古琴等古典乐器演奏着据说是孔子精心创作的曲子
      [Using antique instrument使用古代乐器原本是要修饰乐师,在这里却修饰了更近的孔夫子。在B版本中,这个修饰语放在了乐师的后面。]
      A:After years of effort, Gao said that soil erosion has been brought under control in 16, 700 square kilometers of the affected land areas. or 58% of the total经过多年努力,高部长表示,受影响土地面积达1.67万平方公里,水土流失已得到控制,或者说是总面积的58%
      B: Gao said that after years of effort, soil erosion has been brought under control in 16, 700 square kilometers of the affected land area, or 58% of the total高说,经过多年的努力,受水土流失影响的土地面积已控制在1.67万平方公里,占总面积的58%
      确实,因为不当语序而曲解句意的读者们不会受骗太久。他们甚至可以在不重读的情况下,依靠直觉来掌握真正的意思。但是他们的到正确的理解不是源自于文章中的词语。他们的困惑是暂时的,但是这并不意味着译者可以放下自己的义务,他们写句子分析句子时依然有义务说清楚到底要表达什么。

      摆放不当的从句
      中式英语中逻辑摆放错误的从句比逻辑摆放错误的短语要少见一些。当这些问题出现的时候,通常都是一个原因:从句在句子中作为修饰语,但是译者使得这个从句修饰了错误地成分。下面是一些例句:
      A:So long as we strictly implement the government administration Council\'s decision on Unifying National Financial and Economic Work, after we go through several months of difficulties, we have every reason to expect that the financial situation will gradually improve
      只要我们严格执行政府管理委员会关于统一全国财政经济工作的决定,经过几个月的困难,我们完全有理由相信财政状况会逐步好转
      B:So long as we strictly implement the Goverment administration Councils Decision on Unifying National Financial and Economic Work, we have every reason to expect that after a few difficult months the financial situation will gradually improve只要我们严格执行政府管理委员会关于统一全国财政经济工作的决定,我们完全有理由相信,经过几个月的艰苦努力,财政状况会逐渐好转
      [在这里after we go through several months of difficulties是要修饰will improve而不是修饰摆在前面的have every reason。并且长句可以缩减为after a few difficult months]
      A:We should also review our experience frequently and make adjustments in light of the actual conditions when we find problems我们还应该经常回顾我们的经验,根据实际情况在发现问题时做出调整
      B:We should also review our experience frequently and, when we find problems, make adjustments in light of the conditions我们也应该经常回顾我们的经验,当我们发现问题时,要根据情况做出调整
      逻辑语序的错误,正如我们一直在讨论的那些错误,很容易通过词序的变化来纠正。难点在于如何辨别它们,但这很大程度上是一个练习的问题,当你重读你的作品时,要警惕那些放错地方的修饰词,并确保你所写确实是你想要表达的东西

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